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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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09118900.015
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1990-09-17
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SPACE, Page 66Galactic Birth?A surprise for scientists
Astronomers have long believed that galaxies, clusters that
usually contain billions of stars, were all formed shortly after
the Big Bang, the cataclysmic explosion some 15 billion years ago
that spawned the universe. But that conviction was shaken last week
when scientists announced that they had found evidence of a cosmic
version of gestation: a galaxy preparing for birth. Said James
Gunn, a Princeton University astrophysicist, after the
announcement: "This is the Rosetta stone of galaxy formation."
The apparent galactic embryo -- actually a massive, disk-shaped
cloud of hydrogen gas -- was discovered fortuitously last spring
by Cornell University astronomer Martha Haynes and her colleague
Riccardo Giovanelli, when they were monitoring signals in outer
space with the 1,000-ft. radio telescope at Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
While focusing the telescope on what they thought was empty space
in order to calibrate it, the astronomers picked up a signal
pattern resembling that emitted by galaxies. The invisible cloud
-- estimated to be ten times as large as the Milky Way -- loomed
fairly close, astronomically speaking: 65 million light-years from
earth. Since a light-year is the distance light travels in a year,
the scientists were receiving signals from the cloud as it appeared
65 million years ago. Because it apparently contained no stars, the
scientists concluded that they were observing a galaxy about to be
born. Said Giovanelli: "This cloud indicates that galaxies can form
slowly throughout the history of the universe and are not just
something that happened during some magical period in the distant
past."